![api 650 tank design calculation pdf api 650 tank design calculation pdf](https://i1.rgstatic.net/publication/265006734_WIDTH_OF_ANNULAR_BOTTOM_PLATES/links/56fa2ccf08ae81582bf44359/largepreview.png)
Plastic and steel are used, but another common method is making a hump or lip around the perimeter of a concrete floor. This bunding may not be able to contain the entire volume of the tank. When the risk of tank failure is not as likely or when it would not cause extensive damage, the bunding may be designed to merely contain small leaks from hoses and valves. Another design uses a channel that drains the liquid to a secondary container. If the wall is over a meter high, it may require a ladder or steps to allow people to escape quickly. The bund may have a roof to prevent precipitation from getting in, but steps must be taken to provide adequate ventilation when storing flammable liquids. Rainwater must be treated if the liquid being stored is toxic because there may be small amounts of it surrounding the tank. Large, exposed bunding will need a sump pump or some other system to remove precipitation, though it may also be used to transfer spilled liquid into another container. Plastic tanks cannot hold very dense liquids at high wall levels. The material used depends on cost, the chemical properties of the liquid and its density. Smaller tanks often use containers made of steel or plastic. Using earth berms for bunding is not recommended for most situations, though liners can be used to decrease permeability. Ĭoncrete works very well for many liquids, but it is unsuitable for some applications like containing strong acids. One of the most common designs for large tanks is a concrete or masonry wall around the tank with a concrete floor. When multiple tanks share a bund, the capacity is based on the largest tank. If built properly, bunding is large enough and strong enough to contain the contents of an entire tank, though regulations may require it to be up to a third larger. If a large tank has a catastrophic failure, the liquid alone can cause extensive damage. Frequently, the liquids in these tanks and pipes are toxic, and bunding is used to prevent the liquid from causing damage (either by force or its chemistry). The term can also refer to dikes, but it is frequently used to describe liquid containment facilities that prevent leaks and spillage from tanks and pipes, though sometimes any barrier is referred to as bunding.
![api 650 tank design calculation pdf api 650 tank design calculation pdf](https://demo.documents.pub/img/378x509/reader022/reader/2020050505/5d6748ed88c99332158b789c/r-1.jpg)